Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit
Core Equipment
Atmospheric tower and vacuum tower (main distillation equipment) Atmospheric heating furnace and vacuum heating furnace High-efficiency trays / packing and stripping section internals Electrostatic desalting tank Vacuum unit (core of the vacuum system) Shell-and-tube heat exchanger group High-temperature hot oil centrifugal pump DCS distributed control systemAdvanced crude oil desalting and dehydrating technology ensures equipment corrosion protection and long-term operation. High-efficiency distillation and stripping technology improves separation accuracy and product yield. Optimized heat exchange network technology maximizes waste heat recovery and reduces fuel consumption. Vacuum deep cut and vacuum maintenance technology increases wax oil yield and reduces residue output. Anti-corrosion and anti-fouling design technology adapts to high-sulfur and high-acid crude oils, suitable for complex overseas working conditions. Automatic control and interlock protection technology ensures safe and stable operation, ideal for on-site management overseas.
Product Introduction
The atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit is the leading and primary processing core facility in a refinery. Using purely physical separation, it cuts crude oil into distillate oils of different boiling ranges based on boiling point differences under both atmospheric and reduced pressure conditions, providing all feedstock for downstream secondary processing and directly producing some refined oil products.
Types and Characteristics of Equipment
Type
Equipment Type: Medium-sized combined crude oil atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit (CDU + VDU), a core primary processing equipment in oil refineries, used to fractionate crude oil into components such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, wax oil and residual oil.
Features
It features a moderate scale, reasonable investment and short construction period, making it suitable for small and medium-sized refineries and new overseas projects.The process is mature and stable with high operating flexibility, adapting to various types of crude oil from the Middle East, Russia and East Africa.Adopting an energy-efficient heat exchange network, it boasts low energy consumption and low operating costs.It can handle high-salt, high-sulfur and heavy crude oils with strong corrosion resistance.Highly automated with centralized DCS control, it is simple to operate and maintain.Compact overall layout and modular supply available, facilitating export transportation and on-site installation.
Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit
Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit is the primary processing unit in refineries that physically separates crude oil into various fractions based on boiling points.
Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit
It uses atmospheric and vacuum distillation technologies to produce gasoline, kerosene, diesel, wax oil and residual oil from crude oil.
Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit
As the core refinery unit, it provides essential feedstock for downstream secondary processing equipment and directly generates part of refined oil products.
Basic Principles and System Composition
Basic Working Principle
Basic Principle Based on the principle that different components in crude oil have different boiling points, light fractions are separated in the atmospheric tower through heating, vaporization, condensation and rectification. The heavy oil at the bottom of the atmospheric tower is then fed into the vacuum tower, where gas oil and other components are separated under high vacuum and low boiling point conditions, realizing continuous
Overall System Composition
System Composition
Crude Oil Pre-treatment SystemDesalting tanks, heat exchange equipment, mixers, and demulsifier injection systems to remove salt, water and impurities from crude oil. Heating SystemAtmospheric heating furnace and vacuum heating furnace to provide heat for rectification. Atmospheric Distillation SystemAtmospheric tower, overhead condensing and cooling system, mid-pump reflux, and stripping system to fractionate gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and other products. Vacuum Distillation SystemVacuum tower and vacuum unit (steam ejector / water ring pump) to separate wax oil and vacuum residue under reduced pressure. Heat Exchange & Waste Heat Recovery SystemNumerous shell-and-tube heat exchangers to preheat crude oil using product waste heat for significant energy saving. Product Storage & Transportation & Auxiliary SystemsProduct storage tanks, reflux drums, pumps, valves, pipelines and DCS control system.Basic Principles and System Composition
Process Flow
Crude Oil Pre-treatmentCrude oil is heated through heat exchange and enters the electrostatic desalting tank for desalting and dehydration before being delivered. Heat Exchange & Temperature RiseThe treated crude oil undergoes multiple heat exchanges with bottom oil, mid-pump reflux, and products to recover waste heat. Atmospheric Heating & DistillationCrude oil is heated to approximately 360°C in the atmospheric furnace and fed into the atmospheric tower for distillation. Gasoline/naphtha is obtained from the tower top, kerosene and diesel oil are extracted from side streams, and atmospheric residue is collected at the tower bottom. Vacuum Heating & DistillationAtmospheric residue is heated in the vacuum furnace and fed into the vacuum tower for distillation under high vacuum. Vacuum gas oil (as FCC feedstock) is produced from side streams, and vacuum residue is obtained at the tower bottom. Condensation, Reflux & Product DeliveryEach side-stream product is cooled, settled, and refined before being delivered out of the unit. Part of the distillate is returned to the tower as reflux to maintain stable distillation. System Circulation & ControlThe vacuum system operates continuously. DCS regulates temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid level in real time to achieve long-period, safe, stable and continuous production of the unit.
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